Bunions and hammertoes, explained
A bunion is a bony bump at the joint at the base of the big toe, where the big toe leans toward the others.
A hammertoe bends at the middle joint, so the toe curls down. It is flexible at first and can stiffen over time, and a corn often forms where it rubs the shoe.
Care without surgery
Wider shoes with room for the toes, pads and toe spacers, an orthotic, and care for the corns over the joint. These do not straighten the toe, but for many people they ease the pain.
When we talk about surgery
If pain still keeps you from walking or wearing normal shoes after other care, the doctor explains the surgical options, the recovery and what to expect, and answers your questions before you decide.
Questions about bunions and hammertoes
Do high heels cause bunions?
Tight, narrow shoes can make a bunion hurt more, but the foot shape you inherit plays a large part. Changing shoes helps the pain even when the bunion stays.
Will my bunion get worse?
Bunions often change slowly over years. The doctor can take an X-ray to measure yours and compare it at later visits.
Reviewed by Dr. Rosalind Quenneville, DPM, October 7, 2026